Global warming is real! 2017 was the second-warmest year since 1880: Nasa

Last year was the second warmest on record, according to a Nasa analysis that shows a continuing long-term warming trend.

Globally averaged temperatures in 2017 were 0.90 degrees Celsius warmer than 1951 to 1980 mean, according to scientists at Nasa's Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) in New York. That is second only to global temperatures in 2016.

In a separate, independent analysis, scientists at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) concluded that 2017 was the third-warmest year on their record.

The difference in rankings is due to the different methods used by the two agencies to analyse global temperatures, although over the long-term the agencies' records remain in strong agreement.
 
Both analyses show that the five warmest years on record all have taken place since 2010.

Since weather station locations and measurement practices change over time, there are uncertainties in the interpretation of specific year-to-year global mean temperature differences.

"Despite colder than average temperatures in any one part of the world, temperatures over the planet as a whole continue the rapid warming trend we've seen over the last 40 years," said GISS Director Gavin Schmidt.

The planet's average surface temperature has risen a little more than 1 degree Celsius during the last century or so, a change driven largely by increased carbon dioxide and other human-made emissions into the atmosphere.

Last year was the third consecutive year in which global temperatures were more than one degree Celsius above late nineteenth-century levels.

Phenomena such as El Nino or La Nina, which warm or cool the upper tropical Pacific Ocean and cause corresponding variations in global wind and weather patterns, contribute to short-term variations in global average temperature.

A warming El Nino event was in effect for most of 2015 and the first third of 2016.

Even without an El Nino event - and with a La Nina starting in the later months of 2017 - last year's temperatures ranked between 2015 and 2016 in Nasa's records.

In an analysis where the effects of the recent El Nino and La Nina patterns were statistically removed from the record, 2017 would have been the warmest year on record.

Weather dynamics often affect regional temperatures, so not every region on Earth experienced similar amounts of warming.

Warming trends are strongest in the Arctic regions, where 2017 saw the continued loss of sea ice.

Nasa's temperature analyses incorporate surface temperature measurements from 6,300 weather stations, ship- and buoy-based observations of sea surface temperatures, and temperature measurements from Antarctic research stations.