Square Watches taking wrists by storm: Why mechanical watches are round

There are plenty of reasons why mechanical watches are round. But that doesn't mean they look best on the wrist

Shortly after the French-Brazilian aeronaut Alberto Santos-Dumont became the first European to achieve sustained flight in 1906, he complained to his friend Louis Cartier that he didn’t want to be fumbling for his pocket watch to measure time in the air. In response, the legendary jeweler invented a small clock to be worn on a leather strap, one of the earliest wristwatches for men.

It was square.

Such pilot watches became popular in the early 20th century, but eventually they took on a round shape—like the dials and gauges in a plane’s cockpit. The technology that makes clocks and pocket watches work had traditionally been round: the interlocking gears and springs in a watch movement are round by nature, and the rotating hands are best read against indexes arranged in a circle.

Pocket watches were so vital to navigation at the turn of the century, he says, watchmakers focused on developing technology to keep them precise through changes in temperature and humidity. They even accounted for body perspiration.

Again, a round shape was the better solution. “It was much easier to make a watch water-resistant in a round case than in a square or rectangular case,” Boutros adds, because the case could easily screw tight to seal itself. “Material science has improved, but the industry still relies on the round shape.” Certain watches remained square over the decades: Cartier’s Tank and Panthere collections, the Jaeger-LeCoultre Reverso, the Baume & Mercier Hampton, and several Bell & Ross timepieces.

Last year, Cartier revamped its Santos collection, named after the aviation pioneer, with a signature square case with rounded edges and visible screws (eight around the bezel, plus more in the bracelet).

Hermès, like Cartier, is betting that customers want square watches, which offer lines that parallel the edges of the wrist and the cuff of a shirt. This year at the Salon International de la Horlogerie in Geneva, Hermès showcased its Carré H line, a chunky, simple timepiece that almost evokes the rounded-rectangular Apple Watch. 

Philippe Delhotal, artistic director of Hermès Horloger, acknowledges that the square watch isn’t broadly popular. But the geometry appeals to those who value design.

“The square — even though strongly featured in other Hermès métiers — is not very widely used in watchmaking,” Delhotal says. “Watches of this shape are less conventional for customers looking for singular objects. To compose these forms, you have to look for harmony and purity and perfection in details.”

Nomos Glashütte Tetra Neomatik 39 Silvercut

German brand Nomos Glashutte is known for its minimalistic designs, and its high-quality, handmade movements are among the most affordable in the industry. This watch is powered by an ultrathin automatic movement — at only 7.2 millimetres. Its silver-gray rhodium-plated dial is topped with blued-steel minute and hour hands — but most noticeable is a small seconds subdial at 6 o’clock, finished with a red hand. $3,980

Hermès Cape Cod

To create the square-within-a-rectangle shape in 1991, Hermès’s legendary artistic director Henri d’Origny took inspiration from Hermès’s anchor chain motif. This year there are two new versions. The first features a dial coated with translucent lacquer and a Milanese mesh double-tour bracelet (pictured). The second one uses the anchor motif in the dial, in a black-gold or blue-lacquer finish. $3,275

Ralph Lauren 867 Collection

Named after the company’s luxury flagship store at 867 Madison Ave.in New York, this watch comes with an off-white lacquered dial with Arabic and Roman numerals. It’s powered by Swiss-made mechanics. The men’s model comes in 18-karat rose gold or 18k white gold (pictured); a women’s version is available with a diamond-set bezel. $4,950