Ranjan has worked with Google at its California headquarters for nine years and most recently managed the company's Android One engineering group.
He has also managed Motorola's value devices engineering group and was the managing director of Google India for research and development.
At Flipkart, Ranjan will work closely with Mukesh Bansal, who heads the company's commerce platform.
"Ranjan's experience managing Google's engineering group in India and his expertise in mobile is a tremendous addition to Flipkart's outstanding technology team," Bansal said. "His passion for working on innovative projects will be extremely valuable as Flipkart takes shape as one of the world's leading technology companies."
Flipkart has been on a spree of hiring senior-level executives. Just a few days ago, Flipkart had announced the appointments of three other top-executives - Hari Vasudev as senior vice-president for engineering, information technology and supply-chain analytics; K V Anand as senior vice-president for customer experience; Manish Maheshwari, co-founder of txtWeb - a marketplace for text-based apps, joined Flipkart as vice-president and head of seller ecosystem.
Vasudev was earlier vice-president at Yahoo; Anand was earlier president, digital platforms, Hathway Cable & Datacom.
Last month, Flipkart had brought on board Punit Soni as its chief product officer. Soni was earlier vice president of product management at Motorola and a Google product management executive.
Both Soni and Ranjan will from move from California to Flipkart's Bengaluru headquarters.
"Soni and Ranjan have worked closely for Google and Motorola for such projects as the launch of Motorola's Moto G and Moto E devices, which were both highly popular in emerging markets including India," Flipkart said.
Ranjan has degrees in computer science from Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Kharagpur, and Purdue University, and an MBA from the University of Washington.