Taneja replaces Ranjit Yadav, who quit in September last year.
Prior to joining Samsung, Taneja was the Operations Director (South India and Sri Lanka) at Bharti Airtel, Samsung said in a statement.
Previously, he has also served as Chief Marketing Officer for Nokia India and as Vice President (Sales & Marketing) for the beverages and foods business at Hindustan Lever.
"Samsung India has been on a strong growth trajectory and with his vast experience in managing the business and the ecosystem, I am confident that he will further consolidate our brand position," Samsung President and CEO South West Asia B D Park said.