He said India has in place a four-pronged defence against external shocks - "good policies; prudent capital flow management and swap arrangements; preventing extreme forex volatility; and building reasonable forex reserves".
"Good policy has been essential to our stability," Rajan said while listing out various structural reforms undertaken by the government to enhance growth. "RBI has been moderating periods of extreme volatility in the currency through exchange intervention, though only when the movement is excessive, and increasing access to foreign exchange reserves, including pooling of reserves," he said.
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In his inaugural speech at the SAARCFINANCE Governors' Symposium held here, Rajan also said India's swap arrangement with a number of Saarc countries had been drawn on by some to alleviate short-term foreign exchange needs, and had hopefully been helpful.
Rajan said the sharp slowdown of the Chinese economy remains a significant risk for the global economy and the Saarc region. "The sharp contraction in China's imports over the past year, for instance, had already led to spillovers through the trade, confidence, tourism and remittance channels and Saarc nations had not been able to avert its impact. More negative externalities could follow as Chinese economy adjusted to a more sustainable path.
"Further, China already suffered from the twin-ailment of overcapacity and high leverage. Bad loans in the banking system were likely to grow over current levels and in addition there might be serious weaknesses in the shadow banking system, which could feed back to banks. "Both could be significant downside risks as they could have second round effects for Saarc economies. Chinese growth would depend not just on its policies, but also on growth elsewhere in the world," he said.
On domestic front, Rajan also talked about steps towards fiscal consolidation to reduce the fiscal deficit, containing inflation through a combination of better food management, and a new inflation framework and calibrated monetary policies.
Rajan said India has also embarked "on a clean-up of bad debts in the banking system so as to free bank balance sheets to support growth are elements of what we have practised in the wake of global uncertainties".
The comments come on a day when the Modi government completes two years in office and amid a debate on whether Rajan should be given a second term after his current three-year tenure ends this September.
Rajan further said significant efforts have been taken in the agricultural sector to boost productivity through better irrigation facilities, crop insurance and access to markets.
He also complemented the strong push being undertaken to deregulate businesses, especially the start-up economy, resolving distress in power distribution companies by offering them a partial bailout, and efforts to expand financial services to the excluded through the provision of bank accounts and direct benefits transfers.
"Leaving aside the much anticipated GST reform, a number of other significant reforms had also taken place, including the recent passage of the new bankruptcy Bill, which was likely to speed the resolution of distress tremendously."
He cited the cleaning up of the process of allocating public resources like spectrum and mines, and the process of appointing critical personnel, such as public sector bank chiefs, which were some of the most effective reforms undertaken by the government, saying these steps "will significantly increase transparency in the system".
From the central banking side, he listed four elements of defence against the external imbalances - good policies, prudent capital flow management and swap arrangements, preventing extreme forex volatility, and building reasonable forex reserves - that helped build the defences.
As the second level, Rajan said the country has taken measures such as being careful about foreign borrowings, especially at the very short-term. In addition, liberalization of foreign direct investment (FDI) norms have resulted in record FDI inflows in the last financial year.
Lauding the performance of the Saarc economies, the RBI governor said the region has shown continued resilience in the face of turbulent international markets, maintaining its spot as the fastest-growing region in the world. The region however, is now facing newer challenges arising from uncertainties in other parts of the world.
He warned that possible rate hike by the US Fed, rebound of oil prices, the possible exit of Britain from the European Union, geopolitical risks in West Asia and volatility in financial markets were some of the possibilities that could increase macroeconomic risks for the region. He added that the risks could increase if the Chinese slowdown gathers more speed.