The Reserve Bank of India’s (RBI’s) transferable surplus to the Government of India for 2008-09 jumped 66.6 per cent to Rs 25,009 crore from Rs 15,011 crore in the previous year.
According to the RBI Annual Report, the surplus has come primarily due to increased earnings from domestic investments.
The income from domestic sources in 2008-09 at Rs 9,935.77 crore was higher compared with the last year’s level of Rs 5,867.52 crore, primarily on account of an increase in ‘Interest on Domestic Securities and LAF operations,’ which increased from Rs 4,533.87 crore in 2007-08 to Rs 8,683.11 crore in 2008-09 and ‘Interest on Loans and Advances,’ which increased from Rs 325.60 crore in 2007-08 to Rs 1,254.80 crore in 2008-09. The investment in Government of India securities increased by Rs 1,26,086.86 crore, from Rs 72,540.33 crore as on June 30, 2008, to Rs 1,98,627.19 crore as on June 30, 2009, on account of purchase of special securities from the oil marketing companies (ie oil bonds) under the special market operations and increase in the open market operations.
The surplus thus included Rs 1,436.00 crore towards the interest differential on special securities converted into marketable securities for compensating the government for the difference in interest expenditure, which the government had to bear consequent on conversion of such special securities.
The report further stated that unlike the significant expansion in balance sheets of the central banks of several advanced economies that resulted from their policy responses to the crisis, the behaviour of the Reserve Bank’s balance sheet was distinctly different. This is because specific measures, such as reduction in CRR and unwinding of the government’s MSS balances implied corresponding contraction in the central bank’s liabilities, even as both measures were the key channels for injecting large liquidity into the financial system. Thus, through contraction in the balance sheet size, the Reserve Bank could expand the availability of liquidity in the system. On the asset side of the balance sheet too, the contraction was driven by a decline in foreign assets.
During the year, gross income and expenditure of the Reserve Bank were at Rs 60,731.98 crore and Rs 8,217.88 crore, respectively, after meeting the allocation needs for both contingency reserve (CR) and asset development reserve (ADR).
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Earnings from foreign and domestic sources were at Rs 50,796.21 crore and Rs 9,935.77 crore, respectively.
The Reserve Bank’s earnings from the deployment of foreign currency assets and gold decreased by Rs 1,087.06 crore (down 2.10 per cent), from Rs 51,883.27 crore in 2007-08 to Rs 50,796.21 crore in 2008-09. This was mainly on account of the fall in interest rates in the international markets. Before accounting for mark-to-market depreciation on securities, the rate of earnings on foreign currency assets and gold was 4.24 per cent in 2008-09 as against 5.09 per cent in 2007-08. The rate of earnings on foreign currency assets and gold, after accounting for depreciation, decreased from 4.82 per cent in 2007-08 to 4.16 per cent in 2008-09.
The foreign currency assets comprise foreign securities held in the issue department, balances held abroad and investments in foreign securities held in the banking department. These assets declined by Rs 81,010.25 crore, from Rs 12,98,552.05 crore as on June 30, 2008, to Rs 12,17,541.80 crore as on June 30, 2009. The decrease in the level of foreign currency assets was mainly on account of net sales of US dollars in the domestic foreign exchange market.