Realty debt could be next flash point in India's credit market: ICICI Pru

Indian shadow banks now face rising risks that weaker developers may struggle to repay those borrowings, as housing sales have failed to keep pace with debt expansion

The next flash point in India’s credit markets could be real-estate debt.

That’s the view of ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Co., a major corporate bond buyer and one of India’s top life insurers. The firm avoided investing in debt of stressed companies before credit market strains spread last year.

That crisis was triggered by shock defaults by major infrastructure financier IL&FS Group, and its fallout pushed up financing costs for a range of borrowers including wealthy property tycoons struggling to roll over debt. The country hardly needs more stresses now just as credit markets regain some normalcy after policy makers took steps to inject more liquidity into the financial system.

“While most of the credit market is healthy, one needs to be cautious on NBFCs having large exposure to the real-estate sector,” said Chief Investment Officer Manish Kumar, who oversees Rs 1.1 trillion ($15.8 billion) at ICICI Prudential Life. Pressure may rise at non-bank firms, raising the need for lenders to liquidate assets or for stronger developers to buy up projects, he said.

Indian shadow banks lent heavily to the property industry in recent years, helping to fuel a construction boom. They now face rising risks that weaker developers may struggle to repay those borrowings, as housing sales have failed to keep pace with debt expansion. Teetering economic activity also isn’t helping.

Earlier this year, troubles for mortgage lender Dewan Housing Finance Corp. were among factors that pushed up financing costs.

An analysis of about 11,000 home builders by research firm Liases Foras in February showed that developers on average have to repay twice as much in debt each year as the income they generate that can be used to service it. Property prices in India’s biggest cities have been flagging -- home values in Mumbai sank 11 percent last year.

That all means property debt investors need to be extra cautious, but there are still pockets of opportunity, according to ICICI Prudential. The firm has raised corporate bond holdings to 33 per cent from 31 per cent since the IL&FS crisis, mainly by increasing investments in notes issued by top-rated housing finance firms and bonds that will be serviced by the government.

Kumar’s Other Thoughts:

• ICICI Prudential is mildly positive on Indian equities and will continue to invest in stocks which won’t be affected by whichever party comes to power, such as some private banks, and some businesses tied to infrastructure and cement producers.

• Indian equity valuations are higher than their long-term average, but that’s a new normal now as liquidity, globally, is boosting shares. Local stocks can offer good returns if earnings rise.

• In the medium term, both debt and equity are attractive, and the election shouldn’t deter investors because polls don’t fundamentally or structurally change the direction of the market.