China factories limp along, Japan inflation goes backwards

China's factory sector struggled to gain speed in September while Japanese inflation went backwards in August despite the best efforts of policymakers, underscoring the limits of stimulus in reviving world growth.

Friday's unflattering figures bookmarked a week in which the IMF warned it would likely downgrade forecasts for the US economy, and the World Trade Organisation slashed its outlook for global trade flows.

That was unwelcome news for markets spooked by troubles at Deutsche Bank, whose US shares took a hammering on reports some hedge funds had reduced financial exposure to Germany's largest lender.

The bank said the "vast majority" of its clients remained supportive, but the situation still drew comparisons to the 2008 failure of Lehman and the resulting global financial crisis.

There was at least some evidence that China, the world's second largest economy, had stabilised, if only because of a burst of government spending and a red-hot housing market.

The Caixin measure of manufacturing activity (PMI) edged up a tenth of a percentage point to 50.1, led by output and new orders. While the move was marginal, it was only the second time the index had reached positive territory since February 2015.

The US economy also looked to have bounced back in the third quarter, while a string of data showed Europe weathered Britain's Brexit vote better than many had feared.

All of which encouraged Barclays to nudge up its 2017 call for global growth to 3.5 per cent, from an expected 3.1 per cent this year. Yet a true lift-off still seems remote.

"Given the modest acceleration in growth that we forecast and the many downside risks around these forecasts, it seems overly optimistic to suggest that the global economy has reached "escape velocity"," said Barclays economist David Fernandez.

His list of headwinds included a miserly pace of global business investment, lacklustre productivity, sluggish wage growth and too-low inflation.

"Although these trends do not seem to be worsening, there are few signs — despite tremendous policy efforts — of any meaningful turnaround," said Fernandez.

MISSING INFLATION

The limits of policy stimulus were all to evident in Japan where core consumer prices fell 0.5 per cent in August from a year earlier, the largest drop since March 2013.

The data seemed to mock the Bank of Japan's recent pledge not only to boost inflation to 2 per cent but to lift it above that, so far unreachable, target for a sustained period.

Nor were Japanese consumers cooperating. Household spending sank 4.6 per cent in the year to August, almost twice the fall expected by analysts.

Indeed, Friday's data across Asia were littered with unwanted milestones.

In tech bellwether South Korea, factory output suffered the steepest decline in 19 months in August as strikes stalled auto production. Things were no better in September with the Nikkei/Markit measure of manufacturing falling to a 14-month trough at 47.6 as new export orders hit their lowest since mid-2013.

Malaysia's version of the PMI contracted for the 18th straight month in September as new export orders dropped at the fastest pace in three months.

Inflation, or the lack of it, will also feature heavily in European and US data due later on Friday.

The flash measure of consumer price inflation in the euro zone is forecast to rise an annual 0.4 per cent in September. That would be up from 0.2 per cent in August but still a world away from the European Central Bank's target of just under 2 per cent.

The Federal Reserve's preferred measure of US inflation, the core personal consumption expenditures index, is seen stuck at 1.6 per cent for the year to September, exactly where it has been since March.