UBS trader Kweku Adoboli was jailed for seven years on Tuesday for the biggest fraud in British history, which cost the Swiss bank $2.3 billion.
The 32-year-old had admitted trading far in excess of authorised risk limits and booking fictitious trades to hide his true positions, but said everything he did was to make profits for UBS and was in line with the bank's culture.
He wept in the dock as his lawyer asked the judge to show clemency, describing his Ghanaian-born client as a sensitive, hard-working young man who had tried too hard to do well.
"The tragedy for you is that you had everything going for you," judge Brian Keith told Adoboli, citing his English private school education, his intelligence and natural charm.
"Your fall from grace as a result of these convictions is spectacular," said the judge. "You were arrogant enough to think that the bank's rules for traders didn't apply to you."
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The prosecution had accused Adoboli of playing God with UBS's money in the belief that he had the magic touch, driven by a desire to be a star trader with a huge bonus to match.
The Adoboli affair and the failures it revealed at UBS, where back-office staff queried some offsetting trades for weeks without realising that they were fictitious, were the latest stain on the reputation of the investment banking industry.
The trial exposed a trading room culture where young men in their 20s relished the rush of dealing in hundreds of millions of dollars, bantering about "putting your balls on the table" by exposing their employer to enormous risk.
UBS's share price fell by more than 10 percent on the day of Adoboli's arrest. Oswald Gruebel later resigned as chief executive and others quit or were pushed out as a result of the scandal, which damaged the bank's efforts to recover from near collapse during the global financial crisis of 2008.
Tom Naratil, the bank's chief financial officer, told the court during the trial that Adoboli's losses had precipitated some job cuts and led to smaller bonuses for remaining staff.
UBS has now axed 10,000 jobs and plans to wind down much of its investment bank. It says that is not linked to the Adoboli case, but bank sources say it would not have happened without the management shake-up caused by the rogue trading scandal.
"STREAK OF GAMBLER"
Adoboli was in the enclosed glass dock at the rear of the court throughout Tuesday's proceedings. He looked grave but composed, bowing his head when he heard a first guilty verdict.
His father John, a retired United Nations official who came from Ghana to support his son throughout the 10-week trial, sat in the public seats just behind. The judge denied a request from the defence to let Adoboli, who had been free on bail, to sit with his family before his final sentencing.
Once it was handed down, Adoboli was led away by police.
The ex-trader will serve half of his seven-year term before being released on licence. Taking into account time already spent in custody and on bail subject to a curfew, he could be out of prison in about two and a half years.
Defence counsel Charles Sherrard had pleaded for a lighter sentence, arguing that Adoboli's trading losses were less than those caused by Jerome Kerviel of France's Societe Generale, who received only a three-year jail sentence in Paris in 2010. The judge, however, made no reference to that case in his remarks.
"There is a strong streak of the gambler in you, borne out by your personal trading," the judge said, referring to the fact that Adoboli had lost well over 100,000 pounds of his own money on gambling and was broke when arrested.
During the trial, the court heard that the risk exposure from his trading at UBS had peaked at $12 billion on August 8, 2011, a number described by the judge as "unbelievable".
His desk's authorised risk limit was $100 million intra-day and $50 million overnight at the time.
"The amount of money involved was staggering, impacting hugely on the bank but also on their employees, shareholders and investors. This was not a victimless crime," said Andrew Penhale of the Crown Prosecution Service after the verdict.
Police in London's City financial district called Adoboli "one of the most sophisticated fraudsters" they had come across.
"NOT PERSONAL GAIN"
Adoboli had pleaded not guilty to two charges of fraud by abuse of position and four of false accounting covering the period from October 2008 to his arrest on September 15, 2011.
The jury returned a unanimous verdict of guilty on the main fraud count, holding him directly responsible for the $2.3 billion loss. That count related to unhedged, multi-billion-dollar trades in the summer of 2011 that led to the losses.
The jury found Adoboli guilty by a majority of 9-1 on the other count of fraud, which covered the period from October 2008 to May 2011 during which no losses were alleged.
The judge said the conviction on that count was important because it showed that all his unhedged, unauthorised trading was fraudulent, not just the later deals that lost money.
Adoboli was acquitted on the four counts of false accounting related to the fake entries he admitted making into UBS's computer systems to hide his true positions. To convict him of those charges, the jury needed to be certain that his primary motive had been personal financial gain.
Adoboli had always disputed the prosecution argument that he was driven by a desire for a bigger bonus, presenting himself as a dedicated UBS employee whose motivation at all times was to do his best for a bank he considered his family.
"I suspect that the only reason why the jury acquitted you on the four counts of false accounting is that they were not sure that you booked the fictitious trades predominantly to make a financial gain for yourself," the judge told Adoboli.
"The fictitious hedging trades you booked remain part of the picture of what your fraudulent trading involved."