Doctor R K Gupta, who conducted sterilization surgeries on 85 women in Chhattisgarh's Bilaspur District, has been taken into custody.
Gupta had been suspended on Tuesday on the orders of Chhattisgarh Chief Minister Raman Singh after the incident came to light.
Earlier it was reported that the death toll in the sterilization tragedy rose to 13 with the death of another woman.
More than 50 women, who were left in a critical state after undergoing sterilization operations, are undergoing treatment at four different hospitals in Bilaspur.
A team of doctors from the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) is in Bilaspur to attend to critical patients.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi had earlier spoken to Raman Singh and expressed his concern over the incident, and asked him to ensure a thorough investigation.
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Out of the 85 women who were operated upon at the government-run Nemi Chand hospital in the Pendari area of Bilaspur as part of a family planning camp almost 55 suffered due to the sterilization surgery.
The government has ordered an investigation into the incident and announced a compensation of Rs. two lakh each for the next of kin of the eight deceased women.