Starting Day Four of the match 105 runs behind India and nine wickets down, England went to lunch leading by 28, as Joe Root and James Anderson extended their partnership to an unbroken 187, a Test record for the tenth wicket.
Anderson was on 81, while Root has crossed the 150 mark shortly after lunch.
Both received a standing ovation as they walked back to their dressing room at lunch.
India has let a number of promising positions slip from their grasp in overseas Tests. Trent Bridge now joined Durban and Wellington.
England had been on the mat yesterday afternoon, seven down and 255 behind. Their last three pairs had more than doubled their score.