The movie directed by Steve McQueen scored four nominations, followed by three each for "August: Osage County," "Dallas Buyers Club" and "Lee Daniels' The Butler."
On the TV front, cult series "Breaking Bad" leads the race.
"12 Years a Slave" tells the story of Solomon Northup, a black man in 19th century New York state who is abducted and sold into slavery to work in the cotton fields.
Its nominations include for outstanding performance by a cast in a motion picture -- the SAG equivalent of best picture Oscar -- as well as nods for best actor for Chiwetel Ejiofor, best supporting actress for Lupita Nyong'o and best supporting actor for Michael Fassbender.
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The other best film nominees are "American Hustle," "August: Osage County," "Dallas Buyers Club," and "Lee Daniels' The Butler."
Best actress nominees are Cate Blanchett for "Blue Jasmine," Sandra Bullock for "Gravity," Judi Dench for "Philomena," Meryl Streep for "August: Osage County," and Emma Thompson for "Saving Mr. Banks."
Bullock has been widely tipped for awards season gold for playing an astronaut marooned in space with George Clooney after an accident. The visually stunning 3D movie involved ground-breaking camera work and special effects technology.
In the best actor race, Ejiofor is up against Bruce Dern for "Nebraska," Tom Hanks for "Captain Phillips," Matthew McConaughey for "Dallas Buyers Club" and Forest Whitaker for "Lee Daniels' The Butler."
McConaughey, who plays a rodeo hustler infected with the HIV virus in a true story about early efforts to treat AIDS in the 1980s, said it was "so solid and gratifying to have this recognition from my fellow actors."