The film, already generating Oscars buzz, is based on a firsthand account of Solomon Northup, a free black man from upstate New York who was kidnapped and sold into slavery in 1841, recalling the horrors of grueling labor, daily humiliation and families torn apart.
Its premiere in Toronto last week received a standing ovation, as well as sobs, while some in the audience left early over the film's graphic portrayal of unspeakable torture of slaves during this period in history.
"And the only way to really open that discussion is to see all sides of it."
The film also stars Michael Fassbender as a cruel plantation owner, Benedict Cumberbatch, Paul Dano, Garret Dillahunt, Paul Giamatti, Scoot McNairy, Lupita Nyong'o, Adepero Oduye, Sarah Paulson, Brad Pitt, Michael Kenneth Williams and Alfre Woodard.
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McQueen said he made the film because he wanted to connect with this period in American history.
The Toronto film festival, which ran from September 5, showcased 366 feature films, including 146 world premieres.
Though it does not award jury prizes like at Cannes or Venice, the Toronto film festival has traditionally been a key event for Oscar-conscious studios and distributors, and attracts hundreds of filmmakers and actors to its red carpet.
This year's lineup included celebrities such as Colin Firth, Sandra Bullock, Julia Roberts, Kate Winslet and Jennifer Aniston.
In past years, "The King's Speech," "American Beauty" and "Chariots of Fire" won Oscars for best picture after Toronto audiences gave them a nod.