According to reports, 10 people, including six children and two women, were killed and 50 others injured when the roof of the madrasa building and its boundary walls collapsed.
Heavy rain lashed Peshawar and its suburbs including Rehmanabad, Nothia, Yaqatoot, Sadar, Akhunabad and other areas.
The dead and injured were shifted to Lady Reading Hospital, where the condition of some of the injured are stated to be critical, officials said.
The death toll might go up as the rescue workers were still busy in rescue work.
Most of the casualties were caused by collapse of the buildings and walls in Lewane Baba Nothia, Faqirabad, Wazri Bagh, Lahori Gate, Phandu, Barisko, Ladny Sarak, Dir Colony and other areas in the city.
Deputy Commissioner Zaheerul Islam's said an emergency was declared in all hospitals to meet any untoward incident due to further rains.