Around 11,000 policemen patrolled the city as hundreds of demonstrators defied a government ban to take to the streets to stage main opposition Bangladesh Nationalist Party's "march for democracy".
Authorities have detained over 1,000 opposition activists, trying to gather in the capital, after raiding homes of opposition supporters and trains.
Police used waters cannons and tear gas canisters on the BNP activists as they tried to stage protest rallies in front of the Supreme Court complex and the National Press Club in central Dhaka, sparking clashes with the supporters of the ruling Awami League.
Witnesses said opposition activists were seen in front of the office even as the law enforcement agencies did not allow anyone to cross makeshift barbed-wire barricades on streets leading to Naya Paltan, the venue fixed for the rally.
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A student of a private university succumbed to his wounds as police intercepted a procession of BNP and its crucial ally Jamaat-e-Islami at Rampura area, police and witnesses said.
A security guard was killed and another injured as suspected opposition activists hurled a crude bomb on the platform of Dhaka's main Kamalapur railway station, railway officials said.
"We arrested two suspects who hurled the bombs, one of which also injured the two," a railway police officer said.
BNP chief Zia stayed confined inside her residence despite her plans to address the rally at Naya Paltan as police and paramilitary troops threw a seemingly impenetrable ring around her house alongside the central party office.