The incident took place at Raspunja under Bishnupur police station.
One labourer had entered the tank to clean the septic tank while two others were outside, the police said.
When he did not come out, another one went in. Not getting any response from him, the third labourer entered the tank and he too was not seen for quite a while.
Fire brigade personnel reached the spot on being informed, pulled out the three and took them to hospital where they were declared dead on arrival, the police said.
The bodies of Swapan Bose, Nur Islam Sk and Nawab Ali Sk, all in the age group of 40-45, were sent for post-mortem examination.