Unknown militants attacked the Frontier Corps convoy in Nasirabad area of Turbat district, killing two soldiers, said a security official.
In retaliatory fire, 10 militants were also killed while the others escaped.
"The convoy was passing through in Nasirabad area of Turbat during a search operation when the attack took place," The provincial home minister Mir Sarfaraz Bugti said.
He said a total of 20 people were also injured in the exchange of fire while weapons were also recovered from the possession of militants.
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Elsewhere, a soldier of Balochistan Constabulary was killed in Quetta when unknown gunmen targeted him.
A police official said that the victim was identified as Aziz Khan who died on the spot. The killers managed to escape after the crime.
No one claimed responsibility for the attack but mine-rich Balochistan has been facing an armed insurgency by nationalist Baloch groups who want control over the resources of the region. They often target the security forces in the province.