Authorities said they registered more than 600 street fights after Medellin's Atletico Nacional scored a 1-0 defeat of Independiente del Valle of Ecuador in Wednesday night's Copa Libertadores final.
It was Nacional's second-ever title in the tournament and the first by a Colombian team since 2004.
One of those killed was wearing the shirt of a rival Medellin club when he was slashed in the neck with a knife. There were also reports that mobs of Nacional fans attacked adversaries in Bogota.