Elite anti-crime Rapid Action Battalion (RAB) arrested the four militants form capital's Khilgaon and Fakirapul areas.
The militants belonged to Jamaatul Islam Mujaheedeen Bangladesh (JMB), a banned outfit which police say is behind a series of deadly attacks carried out on the country's secularists and liberals for the last three years.
"We have arrested four JMB operatives last night. One of them is the Dhaka district chief of the outfit," said RAB spokesman Mufty Mahmud Khan told PTI.
"We suspect they were poised for a fresh terrorist attack," Khan said.
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Khan also said Baten was closely linked to fugitive JMB operatives Rahmatullah Masud Sajid and Mohammad Naim, the two suspects of blasts in West Bengal's Burdwan district two years ago.
On October 2, 2014 two suspected JMB operatives were killed and another injured in an explosion at a house in Kolkata's Burdwan area, just over the border with Bangladesh.
RAB's claim has come after inspector general of police Shahidul Haque last week accused homegrown JMB of carrying out most of the recent clandestine attacks using machetes.
"Out of 37 such murders since 2013 in the country, 25 were carried out by JMB," Haque had said last week as the main law enforcement agency was criticised for its failure to track down the killers.
Bangladesh has repeatedly ruled out existence of foreign Islamists outfits like IS and has alleged that fundamentalist Jamaat-e-Islami was patronising the killing spree to portray the country as an abode of foreign militants.
The officials had earlier suggested that the outfit had organisational network also in West Bengal state.
Six JMB kingpins including JMB chief Shaikh Abdur Rahman and second in command Siddiqul Islam Bangla Bhai were executed in 2007 after trial while several hundred others were handed down long term imprisonments.
There have been systematic assaults in Bangladesh in recent weeks especially targeting minorities, secular bloggers, intellectuals and foreigners.
In the recent attacks, a liberal professor was brutally hacked to death last month. Two days later, Bangladesh's first gay magazine editor was brutally murdered along with a friend in his flat in Dhaka by Islamists.