Kevalbai Kamble had been standing in a queue to fetch water from a borewell at Atola village in Chakur tehsil for over two hours when she collapsed, a local police official said.
She was rushed to the government hospital at Latur but was declared dead on admission.
In the drought-hit Beed last month, 11-year-old Sachin Kengar died while he was trying to get water from a well near his village.
In the parched district, it was one of the many deep wells in which water had mostly dried up and pooled at the bottom.
She had been unwell for days with dysentery but was forced to go out in 42 degrees Celsius heat to get water from an almost dry hand-pump.