The quake struck at 8:02 am (local time), with its epicentre five kilometres (three miles) southeast of a town also named Colombia, in the central region of Huila, said the Colombian Geological Service.
Schools and offices were evacuated in Bogota, a city of seven million people. Residents reported scenes of panic in other cities where the quake was felt, including Cali, the country's third-largest.
"No reports of damages after earthquake in Colombia. We remain watchful for further reports," President Juan Manuel Santos said on Twitter.
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