The police had set up a special naka in Kanwa police station area following a tip-off in this regard, they said.
Three trucks carrying 28 cows and 11 calves were headed for Jammu and Kashmir, police said.
Those arrested have been identified as Gurdev Kumar, Iqbal Masih, Nirmal Singh, Manjinder Singh, and Gurdeep Singh.
The police have impounded the trucks and a case has been registered under relevant sections of the IPC. Further investigations are on, police said.