The tigress, Radha, had suffered severe injuries after she was attacked by a tiger inside the zoo about three weeks ago and succumbed to her injuries last night, officials said.
"Radha died during treatment last night in the zoo, which boasts of having the only white tiger safari in Madhya Pradesh," Satna Divisional Forest Officer (DFO) R B Sharma said.
The post-mortem will be conducted this evening.
The feline had stopped consuming food about five days ago. A tiger that had been kept inside her enclosure for mating, had attacked her around 20 days back, in which she had suffered grave injuries, sources said.
The zoo was inaugurated by Madhya Pradesh Chief Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan in April in the state's Vindhya region, which holds a special relevance as the world's first white tiger was discovered here around 100 years ago.
Despite repeated attempts, zoo superintendent K P Singh could not be contacted for response.