One person was seriously injured, 19 were injured "less seriously" including the driver and 34 were lightly injured, local emergency services said on Twitter.
The regional train, travelling from the town of Sant Vicenc de Calders, ran into buffers at the station at 7:15 am (local time), a spokesman for Spanish train operator Renfe said.
At the time of the accident many passengers were travelling standing up, which increased the number of injuries.
"Many people fell to the ground because people were standing up and I saw several people with cuts to the head and face from the blows they suffered when they fell," she added.
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Pictures from the scene posted on social media show the interior of the train covered in shattered glass.
Others showed firefighters treating injured commuters on the platform. The damaged front of the train was covered in blue plastic.
An investigation into the cause of the accident has been opened, the spokesman for Renfe said.
The accident coincided with the start of a national rail strike which forced the cancellation of hundreds of trains.
It was not immediately clear how many people were on the train at the time of the accident, an emergency services spokeswoman said.
The head of the regional government of Catalonia, Carles Puigdemont, was at the scene of the crash and Public Works Minister Inigo de la Serna announced that he would travel to Barcelona.
The train from Madrid crashed as it hurtled round a sharp bend at 179 kilometres per hour -- more than twice the speed limit for that stretch of track -- in the village of Angrois.
The driver of the train is facing trial, but under pressure from associations representing families of the victims officials have reopened their investigation to see if there was negligence on the part of the railway firm.
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