The suicide bombing on the subway in Russia's second largest city killed 13 passengers and injured dozens.
Akbardzhon Dzhalilov, a 22-year old Kyrgyz-born Russian national, has been identified as the bomber.
Russian authorities have not reported his possible links to extremist groups but an unidentified law enforcement official told the Tass news agency that investigators were checking information that Dzhalilov may have trained with the Islamic State group in Syria.
Tass said he reportedly flew to Turkey in November 2015 and spent a long time abroad.
More From This Section
Alexander Bortnikov, chief of the FSB, the main successor to the KGB intelligence agency, said in comments carried by Russian news agencies today that six members of terror cells were detained in St Petersburg and two in Moscow in connection with the attack.
Bortnikov said all of them hail from former Soviet Central Asian republics and that the police found a large amount of weapons and ammunition at their homes.
Bortnikov admitted that intelligence agencies failed.
"The investigation in the St Petersburg subway attack showed that the operative work did not fully meet the threat from terrorist organizations," Bortnikov was quoted as saying.
The impoverished, predominantly Muslim countries in Central Asia are seen as fertile ground for Islamic extremists, and thousands of their citizens are believed to have joined the Islamic State group in Syria and Iraq.
Russian President Vladimir Putin has said between 5,000 and 7,000 people from Russia and other former Soviet republics were fighting alongside Islamic State and other militants in Syria.