Delhi air not the most polluted anymore, says new WHO report

However, while Delhi ranked ninth in PM2.5 measurement, it ranked as the worst city in PM10 measurement

Delhi is no longer the worst polluted city in the world in terms of air quality, a new World Health Organiastion (WHO) report revealed on Thursday.

According to the report, in terms of PM2.5 measurement, New Delhi ranked as the ninth worst city in the survey. The national capital had an annual average PM2.5 measurement of 122. 

According to Reuters, New Delhi was ranked the worst city in 2014 with regard to PM2.5 measurement with a reading of 153.

PM2.5 refers to ambient fine particulate matter, or matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 micrometres. 

According to the survey, the most polluted air was recorded at Zabol in Iran. However, in the list of the 30 most polluted cities in the world, the second and third most polluted cities were from India — Gwalior and Allahabad.

Patna and Raipur were also among the top 10 most polluted cities on that list.

Also, according to the report, over 80% of the world's city dwellers breathe poor quality air, increasing their risk of lung cancer and other life-threatening diseases.

Urban residents in poor countries are by far the worst affected, WHO said, noting that nearly every city (98%) in low- and middle-income countries has air which fails to meet the UN body's standards.

That number falls to 56% of cities in wealthier countries.

"Urban air pollution continues to rise at an alarming rate, wreaking havoc on human health," Maria Neira, the head of WHO's department of public health and environment, said in a statement.

The UN agency's latest air pollution database reveals an overall deterioration of air in the planet's cities, and highlights the growing risk of serious health conditions also including stroke and asthma.

The report, which focused on outdoor rather than household air, compared data collected from 795 cities in 67 countries between 2008 and 2013.

Tracking the prevalence of harmful pollutants like sulfate and black carbon, WHO found that air quality was generally improving in richer regions like Europe and North America, but worsening in developing regions, notably the Middle East and southeast Asia.

Overall, contaminants in outdoor air caused more than 3 million premature deaths a year, the UN body said.

The quality of air pollution data provided by individual countries varies considerably, and WHO does not compile a ranking of the world's most polluted cities.

But, in terms of PM10 levels for available mega-cities of more than 14 million habitants for the last available year in the period 2011-2015, New Delhi was the most polluted, followed by Cairo and Bangladesh's capital Dhaka.

According to the same data, Kolkata and Mumbai also figure in that list, with India having the most number of cities (3) on the list followed by China (2). 

Crucially, key African centres like Nigeria's mega-city Lagos were excluded from the list because of the sparse availability of air quality data in many parts of the continent, WHO said.

A sample of European data showed that Rome had slightly worse air than Berlin, followed by London and Madrid.

Carlos Dora, coordinator at WHO's public health and environment department, pointed to several key factors that determine the quality of a city's air.

First was transportation, Dora said, noting that cities which succeed in reducing vehicle traffic while promoting walking, cycling and mass public transport inevitably see their air quality improve.

Energy inefficiency – especially with respect to heating and cooling buildings – is a major cause of dirty air, along with the widespread use of diesel generators as a replacement for cleaner electricity sources, Dora added.

Another crucial factor, especially in developing countries, is waste management, with the smoke generated by burning garbage ranking among the top pollutants.