Taiwanese crime rings around the world have for years swindled billions of dollars through the scams, with many of the victims Chinese.
The arrests are likely to heighten cross-strait tensions as Beijing insists that all arrested Taiwanese fraudsters be deported to China.
It came after Poland last week said it had arrested 48 Taiwanese and two Poles who extorted around 1.8 million euros ($2.2 million) in a year from Chinese nationals by pretending to be from the local police on the phone.
The arrests were a joint effort by the two countries and the Chinese police, according to media reports.
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Beijing sees self-ruled Taiwan as part of its territory, but Taiwan's President Tsai Ing-wen has refused to acknowledge this, causing relations to deteriorate rapidly since she came to power in May 2016.
Countries from Spain to Indonesia have agreed to deport Taiwanese scammers to China despite protest from Taipei, which says the suspects should be sent back to Taiwan for investigation and trial.
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