Travelling with a delegation of business leaders, Abe was greeted on his arrival in the evening in the main city of Yangon by its chief minister, Myint Swe, and other officials.
The relatively low-ranking reception was because Abe did not arrive in the country's isolated capital, Naypyitaw, where he will meet with President Thein Sein on Sunday.
The last Japanese premier to visit Myanmar was Takeo Fukuda in 1977 during the Socialist regime of the late dictator Gen. Ne Win.
"Japan will cooperate in Myanmar's reforms with both public - and private - sector assistance," Abe told reporters in Tokyo before his departure, according to Kyodo News agency.
More From This Section
Japanese companies are eager to invest in Myanmar after it started to open up when Thein Sein took office in 2011. With the US and European Union relaxing sanctions, Japan, Myanmar's largest aid donor, has moved quickly to capitalise on Myanmar's resources and its new economic environment without sanctions.
At least 35 Japanese investment projects are under way in Myanmar, the biggest being plans to develop the 2,400-hectare Thilawa Special Economic Zone near Yangon, led by trading companies Mitsubishi Corp., Marubeni Corp. And Sumitomo Corp.