"There is no doubt about the national security threat which the appellant presents. The essence of that is the promulgation of his views in support of violence, and the potential effect of others of that promulgation," Justice Irwin said at a hearing of the Special Immigration Appeals Commission (SIAC) here.
"He is highly intelligent, has a range of sympathetic and supportive contacts, and his risk to national security is undiminished. We reject his submission that he can, even now, be relied on to comply with his legal obligations and not abscond," the judge said.
His lawyer had argued he should be freed from prison so he could spend time with his family before leaving the UK for Jordan, which he had agreed to do once the countries ratified a fair trial treaty.
The cleric, who has been repeatedly detained as an international terror suspect in prison in Britain over the past 12 years, faces a retrial for terror charges when he returns to Jordan.
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SIAC was told that the British ambassador in Amman expected the Jordanian Parliament to ratify the "mutual legal agreement" within weeks.
SIAC's decision to refuse bail follows evidence that jihadist material and videos produced by "the media wing of al-Qaeda" were found on a USB stick during a police search of the cleric's north-west London home when he was on a 17-hour curfew in March.
Police also found six illicit mobile phones and 55 rewriteable CDs/DVDs, in alleged breach of his bail conditions.
In 1999, the cleric was convicted of terrorism offences in his absence and sentenced to life imprisonment in Jordan.
The UK government has been trying unsuccessfully to deport him for nearly eight years.
The Home Office has welcomed the latest ruling, describing Abu Qatada as "a dangerous man".
"The best place for him is behind bars until he can be lawfully removed from this country. The government remains committed to securing his deportation as quickly as possible," a Home Office spokesperson said.