The deputy governor of the southern Helmand province identified the recruiter as Abdul Rauf, saying he and four comrades were killed when a drone-fired missile struck their car. Afghanistan's intelligence service put the death toll at six and said Afghan forces fired the missile.
The attack would appear to deal a blow to the Islamic State group's efforts to develop a local affiliate to challenge the long-dominant Taliban.
They said he was a former Taliban commander who had defected to the Islamic State group, and that he had started raising IS-style black flags in Helmand towns and villages, taking down the Taliban's rival white flags.
Saifullah Sanginwal, a tribal leader in the Helmand town of Sangin, said about 20 people had been killed in recent turf wars between Islamic State and Taliban factions.
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The Islamic State group controls a third of both Syria and Iraq, where it has declared a caliphate governed by a harsh interpretation of Islamic law and demanded the allegiance of the world's Muslims.
Analysts and officials say the number of IS supporters in Afghanistan and Pakistan remains small and the group faces resistance from more established militants with strong tribal links.
However, the rise of even a small Islamic State affiliate could further destabilise the region and complicate American and NATO efforts to end the 13-year Afghan war.