Abdullah said he believes he won both times that Afghans voted this year -- in April and again in a July runoff -- and he accused election authorities of giving the win to his opponent, former Finance Minister Ashraf Ghani Ahmadzai.
The country's election commission is expected to announce the second-round results later this week following a weekslong audit process carried out to weed out the many fraudulent ballots cast.
The US has been pressing Abdullah and Ghani Ahmadzai to form a national unity government. The two sides have not been able to agree on what powers the newly created position of chief executive would have.
"The political process has reached a deadlock," Abdullah said.
More From This Section
Tuesday is a national holiday to honour a former militia commander, Ahmad Shah Massoud, a figure who has attained hero status among Afghanistan's northerners. Massoud was killed two days before the September 11, 2001, attacks in the US.
Abdullah, who placed second in Afghanistan's 2009 vote after what he alleged was massive vote fraud in favour of President Hamid Karzai, did not say what he planned to do next. He said he would make a decision "based on consultations with the people.