The bombing happened inside the major checkpoint leading into the airport early this morning, said Najib Danish, the deputy spokesman for the Interior Ministry.
He said the car bomb was detonated near the office of the Afghan Civil Aviation Authority, which is a few hundred meters (yards) from the airport terminal.
"We believe our vehicles were involved," Sari Haukka- Konu, a spokeswoman for EUPOL, told The Associated Press.
Danish said that one foreign vehicle and two civilian vehicles were damaged in the blast.
No one has claimed responsibility. The Taliban, which have waged war in Afghanistan for more than a decade, launched their warm weather offensive in late April.
The insurgents claimed responsibility for an attack on a Kabul guesthouse last week that left 14 people dead, including four Indians and five other foreigners.