While the militants battled Iraqi security forces in and around the western cities of Fallujah and Ramadi, police outside the capital, Baghdad, found the bullet-riddled bodies of 14 Sunni men who had been abducted from a funeral by gunmen wearing military uniforms.
It was a grim reminder of similar slayings at the height of the war about six years ago.
Iraqi forces and allied Sunni tribesmen have been fighting to recapture key territories overrun by al-Qaida militants in the country's Sunni-dominated Anbar province, including its two main cities, Fallujah and parts of the provincial capital, Ramadi.
To alleviate the tension, the army pulled back from the two cities, but that allowed al-Qaida militants to seize control.
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Speaking to The Associated Press by telephone, Fallujah residents said al-Qaida militants distributed pamphlets with the emblem of their group, the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, at main city intersections Wednesday and yesterday.
The pamphlets called on Fallujah residents to join the fight, give money or open their homes as shelters, the residents said. They spoke on condition of anonymity, fearing for their safety.
Clashes between the militants security forces continued in two Fallujah neighborhoods from late Wednesday to early yesterday, the residents said.
A medical official said the city hospital received the bodies of seven men killed in the fighting and that 13 were wounded. He was unable to provide a breakdown of how many of the dead were militants and how many might have been civilians caught up in the clashes.
Two senior military officials said that one soldier was killed and three others were wounded by sniper fire during a clash in the village of al-Bubali, between Fallujah and Ramadi.