Police say the 18-year-old was detained in Greece for illegally entering the country from Albania, and promptly handed over to Albanian authorities who arrested him today.
Although Albanian officials say some 70 local people are believed to have joined extremists from the Islamic State group fighting in Syria, the teenager is the first to have been arrested and charged.
If convicted, he faces up to 10 years to jail.
Nine Albanian Muslims, including two preachers, are on trial for recruiting for Syrian rebels.