But despite urgent challenges facing the country, candidates have struggled to inspire voters disillusioned by what many see as broken government promises and a tainted political system.
"Corruption has plagued politics. How can you vote for a candidate who has paid to be selected by a party?" asked Ali, a merchant in the town of Blida, 45 kilometres southwest of Algiers.
The North African country weathered the 2011 Arab Spring uprisings with massive spending on wages and subsidies that depleted government coffers.
Today, in a country of 40 million where half the population is under 30, one young person in three is unemployed.
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Some 45,000 police officers were deployed today to guard the more than 53,000 polling stations across the country.
President Abdelaziz Bouteflika, who has rarely been seen in public since a 2013 stroke, voted from a wheelchair at a polling booth in Algiers.
It was the ailing 80-year-old leader's first appearance before the international media since he was sworn in for a fourth term in April 2014.
Votes must be cast by 7 PM and the first results are expected late tomorrow morning.
Voters have shown little enthusiasm for the poll. Streets in Algiers were nearly deserted this morning - although polling stations were expected to be busier in the afternoon.
Blida's cafes filled with men who sat discussing the election, but not all were planning to vote.
"This facade of a parliament should be abolished. The government passes all its laws, even the most controversial ones," said Hocine, 35.
But officials, fearing a low turnout and public apathy, have spent weeks urging people to take part.
Prime Minister Abdelmalek Sellal called for a "massive vote", urging women to wake their husbands early, refuse them coffee and "drag" them to the polling stations.
"If they resist, hit them with a stick," he told an all- female audience in the eastern city of Setif.
Bouteflika has said a strong turnout was essential for "the stability of the country".
Bouteflika's National Liberation Front (FLN) and its coalition ally, the Rally for National Democracy (RND), have enjoyed a comfortable majority since a 2012 poll, which they are expected to retain.
But Nourredine Bekis, professor of sociology at the University of Algiers, said parliamentarians had little real influence.
"The president holds all the power," Bekis said.
Islamists, who held 60 seats in the outgoing parliament, represent the country's main opposition force.
In 2012, they had hoped they could replicate the gains of their peers in Egypt and Tunisia after the Arab Spring, but they suffered their worst ever electoral defeat.
But since Algeria adopted a multi-party system in 1989, the opposition has repeatedly accused the ruling parties of electoral fraud.
Turnout in 2012 reached just over 43 per cent. Experts say even that figure was inflated.
But 80-year-old Si Sadou Yamina said today she was voting to do her "duty".
Battling pain, diabetes and hypertension, she arrived at a polling booth in Blida before it even opened at 8 AM.
"I've never missed a vote, and I'm not going to start today," she said.