The people who live in the bustling, fertile Rio Grande Valley, where the US border meets the Gulf of Mexico, think a "virtual wall" of surveillance technology makes a lot more sense. It's already in wide use and expanding.
Erecting a 40-foot concrete barrier across the entire 1,954-mile frontier with Mexico, as Trump promised during the presidential campaign, collides head-on with multiple realities: geology, fierce local resistance and the question of who pays the bill.
People cackled at Trump's idea that Mexico would willingly deliver the billions required. Mexican officials say they won't. So few locals were surprised when the President-elect seemed to soften his position five days after the election, saying the wall could include some fencing.
Under the law, 652 miles of border barrier were built, mostly in Arizona. The 110 miles of fences and fortified levees that went up in Texas are broken lines, some as much as a mile and a half from the river.
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Geology conspires against wall-building up and down the Rio Grande Valley. Its accomplices are a boundary water treaty with Mexico and endangered-species laws. Catwalks and tunnels had to be built into border barriers to accommodate ocelots and jaguarundi, two species of wild cat.
The plentiful breaks in the border barrier, meanwhile, include an entire flank of the River Bend golf club and resort in Brownsville, "gaps of privilege" for the well-connected, according to one critic.
Other landowners fought the Border Patrol in court.
A poll conducted in Southwest border cities in May found 72 per cent of residents opposed to a wall. The Cronkite News-Univision-Dallas Morning News poll had a 2.6 per cent error margin.
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