The research was recently published in the journal Antarctic Science.
It says a 97 kilometers iceberg crashed and got stuck in Commonwealth Bay, blocking access to their natural feeding areas starting in December 2010. The huge piece of ice forced the birds to walk more than 60 kilometers in search of food, gradually reducing the population to just a few thousand.
The survey was conducted in 2013-14 by scientists at The Climate Change Research Center at the University of New South Wales in Australia and New Zealand's West Coast Penguin Trust.