Mass protests gripped the ex-Soviet Caspian nation earlier this week amid swelling discontent over price hikes and the collapse of the national currency.
"Protesters on Wednesday used force against representatives of the law enforcement agencies during an unsanctioned march in Siazan district" in eastern Azerbaijan, the interior ministry said in a statement. "Police forces have restored public order."
"Fifty-five protesters were arrested," the ministry said, adding they had been charged with disobeying police and "committing antisocial acts."
Local media reported that police used tear gas against stone-throwing protesters in Siazan and several other provincial towns.
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Azerbaijan in December recorded an 11-fold acceleration of inflation with consumer prices rising by 4.4 percent after a 0.4-percent rise in November. Annual inflation stood at 7.6 percent in December.
Azerbaijan's national currency, the manat, plummeted last month by over 32 per cent.
The central bank in December said that the economy is hurt by "falling oil prices and the continuing devaluation of partner countries' currencies."
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) last year forecast that Azerbaijan's once-booming economy was expected to grow by 2.5 percent in 2016 compared with four-percent growth rate in 2015.