Boudou is accused of using shell companies and secret middlemen to gain control of a company that was given contracts to print the Argentine peso, as well as material for Fernandez's election campaign.
Federal judge Ariel Lijo's decision was published yesterday on the justice department's website. The judge also ordered an embargo on 25,000 USD of Boudou's property. He will remain free while he waits trial in the case along with five other defendants.
Boudou is the first sitting Argentine vice president to face such charges. He could be sentenced to between one and six years in prison, and be banned for life from elective office.
His defense attorney, Diego Pirota, called the judge's order "a fairy tale" and said he would appeal.
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The charges against the vice president come at a moment when Fernandez is fighting other challenges. Economic problems recently forced a devaluation and court rulings in the United States threaten to force the country into default on its debts.
Still, Fernandez has remained loyal to her No 2 even as the allegations have made him Argentina's least popular politician. His falling fortunes have left the government without a clear presidential successor ahead of the 2015 elections. Fernandez has yet to speak publicly about the case.
According to the judge's investigation, Boudou as economy minister and then vice president acted to smooth the Ciccone Calcografica printing company's exit from bankruptcy and engineer its purchase by a shell company so he and other secret partners could benefit from unusual tax exemptions and lucrative government contracts.