India, put in to bat, found themselves at a precarious 126/5 before Ashwin (75*) and Wriddhiman Saha (46*) grinded it out to steady the innings and batted out the entire final session.
Early on, opener Rahul's crisp 50 off 65 balls came after the visitors lost Shikhar Dhawan and captain Virat Kohli cheaply.
The West Indies, with their morale boosted after securing a dramatic draw in second Test, bowled with purpose to put the opposition under pressure. Debutan pacer Alzarri Joseph was impressive and took the prized wicket of Kohli.
In the very next over, on 26, Ashwin was almost caught at forward short leg, the ball just dropping short, with Roston Chase (2-38) the unlucky bowler. Chances kept coming for the West Indies, and the biggest miss was in the 63rd over, when Ashwin was caught at point off Shannon Gabriel (1-68), but got a reprieve as the bowler had stepped on the side-crease and it was deemed a no ball. He was on 35 then.
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Earlier, after lunch, Rohit Sharma (9) and Ajinkya Rahane (35) came out to resume their partnership, and were looking to launch a fight back. Rohit lasted only 12 balls after the break though, edging Joseph behind on a delivery that swung away just a touch from the off-stump.
The 100-mark came up for India in the 33rd over, but the first hour after lunch yielded only 35 runs. Over the course of the second hour's play, the scoring rate almost ground to a halt as only another 18 runs were added. And that too with the additional loss of a wicket as Chase bowled Rahane in the 50th over, the batsman completely misjudging the flight. He had added 39 runs with Ashwin for the 5th wicket, with the runs trickling in at just 1.65 per over.
India made three changes from the Jamaica Test, bringing in Rohit, Ravindra Jadeja and Bhuvneshwar Kumar for Cheteshwar Pujara, Amit Mishra and Umesh Yadav, respectively.
Gabriel and Joseph then started proceedings with the new ball against Dhawan (1) and Rahul. Gabriel started off with couple loose deliveries that allowed Rahul to get going easily, and was in complete contrast to what was to come later on. Soon enough, the two worked up their pace and their plans bore fruit.
India were in all sorts of trouble then, but Rahul added 58 runs for the third wicket with Rahane who came in at no.4. The Karnataka opener continued his good run of form, and scored a chanceless first Test half-century. He was comfortable against the short ball attack from Gabriel-Joseph and then negotiated Miguel Cummins (0-36) and Holder easily as well.
England's hopes of making further inroads after the
Pujara dismissal were belied as Kohli simply dug in from the first ball.
Kohli, during the course of his knock, became the 14th Indian batsman, and the only one among active players to reach 4000 runs in his 52nd Test with a pull shot off Ben Stokes.
Vijay was, in fact given out leg before on 116, twelve minutes before lunch, while playing a defensive forward push off Rashid.
The decision was reviewed and he was reinstated as the ball had taken the inside edge before striking the pad.
The importance of Vijay's long vigil became evident after his departure as Nair was claimed by Moeen Ali and then Joe Root struck two blows in successive overs to trigger a mini collapse.
Nair was trapped leg before Moeen Ali from round the wicket, the Indians' review call failing, before Root dismissed both Patel and Ashwin in the space of four balls in separate overs.
Things could have been worse had Rashid not dropped Kohli off his own bowling in the next over when the Indian captain was 68 in a score of 315.
He led the hunt for the first innings lead with Jadeja who once stepped out and lofted Root for a six over the straight field.
Yadav too was dropped by Root at second slip off James Anderson in the first over with the second new ball when the batsman was just 8.