"We are headed for a major infrastructure crisis," said Alexandre de Juniac, head of the International Air Transport Association.
He said the 34 million jobs and $700 billion of economic activity supported by aviation across the Asia-Pacific region are expected to more than double in the next 20 years.
"But the realisation of these economic benefits is at risk if the region does not address the big long-term challenges of sustainability, infrastructure and regulatory harmonisation," said de Juniac, speaking at an industry conference held in Taiwan, according to an IATA statement.
While a number of airports have plans in place, de Juniac said others such as Bangkok, Manila and Jakarta are among those that need major upgrades.
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He also said Chinese air traffic management is struggling to cope with growth, while high costs at India's privatised airports are burdening the industry.
De Juniac also warned against seeing privatisation as the solution to fund infrastructure investments.
"But our conclusion from three decades of largely disappointing experiences with airport privatisation tells us airports perform better in public hands," said de Juniac.