The Victoria pair have been drafted in to replace all-rounder Shane Watson (calf strain) and fast bowler Nathan Coulter-Nile (hamstring) who both suffered series-ending injuries in Australia's 64-run win over England at Lord's yesterday -- a result that put the world champions 2-0 up with three to play.
They join state colleague Aaron Finch, who was called up on Saturday after David Warner suffered a broken left thumb batting at Lord's.
Australia coach Darren Lehmann said: "We're disappointed to lose players of the calibre of David Warner, Shane Watson and Nathan Coulter-Nile but we have quality replacements on hand in Aaron Finch, Peter Handscomb and John Hastings.
"We look forward to them playing their parts in trying to ensure we finish this tour with a victory in the one-day international series against England, starting in Manchester on Tuesday night."
Handscomb, 24, has been playing county cricket for Gloucestershire during the northern summer and also toured India with Australia A earlier this year, while Hastings, 29, has spent the off-season playing county cricket for Durham.