The visitors were slammed by Australian media when they lost the opening match in Dhaka by 20 runs and coach Darren Lehmann admitted the players had been stung by the level of condemnation of the team's performance.
"The boys are all hurting with the criticism you get," Lehmann told reporters.
"(But) you deserve that when you don't win. It is not good enough when you lose a Test match to anyone, but Bangladesh are tough at home."
The only previous time they played a Test there, in 2006, the visitors won by an innings and 80 runs with nightwatchman Jason Gillespie scoring an unbeaten double century.
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But Bangladesh are a more formidable opponent now and the biggest challenge facing Australia's players is to find a way to combat the home team's spinners.
All but one of Australia's 20 wickets in the series opener fell to spin, and the Zahur Ahmed Chowdhury Stadium pitch in Chittagong is expected to favour slow bowling.
O'Keefe was impressive during this year's Test series in India, capturing 19 wickets, including a match-winning 12- wicket haul in the first Test victory.
Australia eventually lost the series 2-1 but Lehmann hinted that O'Keefe could be rushed back into the playing side.
"The way the wicket was you are not going to have too many overs bowled by the quicks as the game goes on and we expect the same sort of pitch," he said.
"I hope it (wicket) will remain the same because we are expecting another win," he said.
"We have the capacity to win the series 2-0. We nearly did against England last year.
"So I don't think it is impossible to beat Australia again," he said.
Bangladesh came agonisingly close to beating England in Chittagong last year when they needed 33 runs on the fifth day with two wickets in hand.
The only two times Bangladesh have swept a series were against an under-strength West Indies side in 2009 and against a struggling Zimbabwe in 2014.
Squads:
Bangladesh: Mushfiqur Rahim (captain), Tamim Iqbal, Soumya Sarkar, Imrul Kayes, Shakib Al Hasan, Nasir Hossain, Sabbir Rahman, Mehedi Hasan, Shafiul Islam, Taijul Islam, Mustafizur Rahman, Mominul Haque, Liton Das, Taskin Ahmed
Australia: Steve Smith (captain), David Warner, Ashton Agar, Hilton Cartwright, Pat Cummins, Peter Handscomb, Matthew Wade, Steve O'Keefe, Usman Khawaja, Nathan Lyon, Glenn Maxwell, Matt Renshaw, Mitchell Swepson and Jackson Bird.