The amendment means Australian authorities can mount cases against suspects for crimes committed before 2002 that have not been prosecuted in the countries where they took place.
The government updated the criminal code in 2002 after the Bali bombings to make extraterritorial crimes against its citizens prosecutable by Australian investigators.
"(It's an) important day for the victims of murder or manslaughter across Australia," Industry, Innovation and Science Minister Christopher Pyne told reporters in Canberra.
Anthea Bradshaw-Hall, a school teacher, was 26 years old when she was killed in Brunei in July 1994. Her husband Jeff Hall told police he found her dead on their apartment floor after she had been strangled and stabbed several times.
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Brunei police reportedly said then they did not have sufficient evidence to prosecute the suspect, who has not been named.
But police from South Australia state, where Bradshaw-Hall lived, launched an investigation into her death in 2004, collecting evidence which reportedly implicated one person, the Adelaide Advertiser newspaper said.
"It has been a long and protracted process since Anthea was murdered," Bradshaw-Hall's father, Martin Bradshaw, told the Advertiser in comments published Thursday.
"It preys on your mind on a permanent basis.
"Once the amendment to the act has been passed, the evidence can be tested in court in South Australia. That is all we have ever been asking for."
Legislators said they had worked hard to ensure human rights safeguards were included in the bill and the changes would withstand any legal challenges.