Abbott said a deal to allow the police mission into the rebel-held territory was reached after discussions were held in Donetsk, Ukraine, under the auspices of the Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe.
"Today, I announce that the Australian Federal Police will be deployed to the site as part of an unarmed, Dutch-led international humanitarian mission," Abbott said at a press conference in Canberra today.
The prime minister stressed that while Australian Defence Force (ADF) personnel were part of the team his country had sent to Europe after the plane crash, the operation was "not a military one".
"Yes, there are some ADF enablers involved, yes there's always in circumstances like this a certain amount of contingency work, but this is a police mission, not a military one," he said.
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Abbott said the operation's objective was "to get in, to get cracking and to get out", adding that "we will stay as long as we can to do a professional job but we won't stay a moment longer than we need to".
Australia and the Netherlands had been readying their forces in Europe to secure the MH17 crash site, amid concerns the remains of some of the 298 passengers killed on board the Malaysia Airlines jet were yet to be recovered.
Abbott said although the rebels accused of shooting down MH17 with a missile from Russia have signalled they were only open to allowing a small group of officers in, the Donetsk deal had made it possible for more personnel to enter the debris site.
Abbott said while the contingent would not be allowed to stay at the crash site overnight, he was "confident over time that as trust builds up, more will be possible".