The Commonwealth Bank of Australia (CBA) is already facing a civil case brought by Australia's financial intelligence agency AUSTRAC for alleged "serious and systemic non-compliance" of anti-money laundering laws concerning thousands of transactions.
AUSTRAC last month accused the bank of further breaches, by failing to adequately monitor suspected terrorist financiers.
The new case, filed by the Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC) in Federal Court today, alleges that CBA engaged in "unconscionable conduct and market manipulation" when setting the bank bill swap reference rate (BBSW).
There was no immediate comment from CBA. Its shares closed down 0.13 per cent at 79.09 Australian dollars in Sydney today.
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The BBSW is a benchmark used to set the price of Australian financial products such as bonds and loans.
Australia's three other major banks -- ANZ, Westpac and National Australia Bank (NAB) -- have also been probed by ASIC over rate-rigging claims.
Westpac's case remains before the courts.
The ASIC action against CBA came a day after the firm appointed its retail banking chief Matt Comyn to replace Ian Narev as chief executive.
Narev was one of the casualties in the fallout following the AUSTRAC case, and had flagged his retirement by the end of the 2018 financial year.
The case also prompted other Australian regulators to launch inquiries into the bank over its handling of the alleged breaches.
Leading local financial institutions had been under increased scrutiny in recent years amid allegations of dodgy financial advice and life insurance and mortgage fraud.
Scandals in recent years have also hit the sector globally, such as the rigging of the Libor (the London Interbank Offered Rate) interest rate and of foreign exchange rates.
US and British regulators have slapped major banks with billions of dollars in fines.