The 39-year-old Melbourne father of five, named in local media as Islamic convert Adam Brookman, briefly faced a Melbourne court today after surrendering to officials in Turkey on Tuesday, Australian Federal Police said.
Brookman, who arrived back in Australia on Friday night, was charged with one count of knowingly providing support to a terrorist organisation, IS, which carries a maximum jail time of 25 years.
He faces up to 10 years in prison for a second charge of performing services with the intention of supporting a person, or persons, to engage in a hostile activity in a foreign state.
"There is no evidence of a threat in Australia in this instance, and the ongoing safety of the community was the primary factor in all of the arrangements made to facilitate this individual's return to Australia."
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Brookman did not apply for bail in his brief appearance at Melbourne Magistrates' Court and was remanded in custody for a hearing tomorrow.
Brookman added that he eventually fled the militants and was hiding out in Turkey and wanting to return home.
The Australian government has been increasingly concerned about the flow of fighters to Iraq and Syria to join extremist groups such as IS, saying some 120 Australians are in the region with 160 militants at home supporting them.
Canberra raised the terror threat level to high in September, and has conducted several counter-terrorism raids in various cities since then.