One member was jailed for life after being convicted of forming a branch of the Sunni jihadist group and recruiting others, while the rest were each sentenced to 15 years in jail.
Only eight defendants are held by authorities while 16 others remain at large.
The cell ringleader was accused of recruiting two others into IS, and helping one of them travel to Syria to receive military training from the jihadists, public prosecutor Ahmed al-Hammadi said.
Members were judged to have fought for IS, while the cell used social media to incite members of the military and security forces to "join their terrorist group," the prosector said.
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The group also "plotted suicide attacks by members in Bahrain against places of worship, like the attacks by the terrorist group in neighbouring countries," Hammadi said in an apparent reference to attacks on Shiite mosques in Saudi Arabia last year.
Sunni-ruled Bahrain has a majority Shiite population which has long complained of marginalisation.
The Gulf kingdom is part of the US-led coalition that is conducting air strikes against IS in Syria.