Kayes replaced all-rounder Shakib Al Hasan, who is serving a six-month ban, imposed by the Bangladesh Cricket Board for what it said was his "severe attitude problem" after a string of run-ins with fans and officials.
Shakib appealed against the ban last week, but BCB officials said his request would only be considered after the West Indies tour.
"It's very difficult to replace a player of Shakib's calibre," chief selector Faruque Ahmed told AFP.
"Finally we have decided to take a batsman... As we felt we have enough back-up in spin bowling department.
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Ahmed said that Kayes had shown good form recently.
"Also he can be a back-up to our underperforming openers," he added.
Paceman Rubel Hossain also returned to the side replacing all-rounder Ziaur Rahman.
The first two ODIs will be held at Grenada on August 20 and 22.
The third and final ODI will be held in St. Kitts on August 25.
Bangladesh ODI Squad: Mushfiqur Rahim (Capt), Tamim Iqbal, Anamul Haque, Shamsur Rahman, Mominul Haque, Rubel Hossain, Nasir Hossain, Mohammad Mahmudullah, Mohammad Mithun, Abdur Razzak, Mashrafe Mortaza, Sohag Gazi, Taskin Ahmed, Imrul Kayes and Al-Amin Hossain.