The sanction is related to the signing of 10 players under the age of 18 between 2009 and 2013 with football's governing body also finding the Spanish Football Federation (RFEF) guilty of improper practice.
"FC Barcelona will present an appeal to FIFA and if need be will take the case to the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS)," the club said in a statement released on their website.
"The club will also request precautionary measures that will preserve the rights of the club, including the incorporation of players during transfer windows."
The ban is a new blow to the image of Europe's most successful club of the 21st Century following alleged tax evasion in its signing of star Brazilian Neymar.
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Under FIFA's rules a player under the age of 18 can only be transferred if the player's parents have moved country; the move takes place within the European Union if a player is aged between 16 and 18; or the player's home is less than 50 kilometres (31 miles) from the national border being crossed.